laos capital

During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? This includes 1,900,440 Pfizer and 1,000,800 J&J doses. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. [65] The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Laos opened on May 2022 and it is nice to travel t. The International Monetary Fund ranked Laos 36th out of 42 Asian countries in 2018. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. Updated on November 19, 2021. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. All things considered, it . The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. Tuy nhin, cng ty ch giao dch c 216.678 c phiu theo phng thc tha thun do cha t k vng v gi. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Capital: Vientiane. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. Trc , FPT Capital ng k bn 1 triu c phiu TPB tng ng 0,063% vn iu l ngn hng. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. Great day in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. Pr-histria. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report By Sebastian Strangio A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China . The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers for transportation and its surrounding hinterland of intensive rice cultivation have made Vientiane the major economic centre of Laos. Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). [139]:8 Songthaews are used in the country for long-distance and local public transport. Capital: Vientiane. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . Major religion Buddhism. He describes his experience in the Lao capital in fine detail, making the minutiae come alive. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. These dishes always contain chili peppers, and usually some type of grilled vegetable, giving them a distinct smoky flavor, and sometimes fermented fish. Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. Population 6.7 million. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. Patuxay Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. Trekking in Luang Namtha [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Set at the point where the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers meet, Luang Prabang stands in front of a backdrop of a magnificent hilltop temple. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. Mapcarta, the open map. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. [citation needed]. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Buddha park in Vientiane, Laos. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The Patuxay was built in the heart of Lao capital during the 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought..View article. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). Evidence for modern human presence in the northern and central highlands of Indochina, that constitute the territories of the modern Laotian nation-state dates back to the Lower Paleolithic. Vientiane has been the capital since 16th century. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a population of 6,492,228 in 2015. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. Laos produced tin, rubber, and coffee, but never accounted for more than one percent of French Indochina's exports. [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. 4 min. Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. History of Laos. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. This land area is approximately 59% of the area of California. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. Asia. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. 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