Non-cross-laminated wood boatswains' chairs shall be reinforced on their underside by cleats securely fastened to prevent the board from splitting. Scaffold components. When a wire rope is placed around the structure in order to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds, the wire rope shall meet the requirements of subpart M of this part, but shall be at least 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) in diameter. (Do not use insulating Styrofoam cups.) ", "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". or more per square foot. Brackets shall be secured in place by at least one wire rope at least 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) in diameter. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. General. Personal Fall Arrest System. Personal Fall Arrest System. Scaffold platforms must be fully decked or planked. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . 4. Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. work on scaffolds frequently. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely anchored either by means of braced struts bearing against sills in contact with the overhead beams or ceiling, or by means of tension members secured to the floor joists underfoot, or by both. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. The inboard end of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum point to the extreme point of anchorage, shall be not less than one and one-half times the outboard end in length. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." This process is known as: OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Your lines should be perfectly vertical (plumb) and horizontal (level), and your corners should be exactly 90 degrees (square). 1926.452 (c) (4) A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. B. Bamboo scaffolds Finally, while the scaffold is being erected or dismantled, the workers who are performing that task need a safe access. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Supports for platforms shall be attached directly to the support stirrup and not to any other platform. They must obtain information from the scaffold manufacturer, supplier, site management, and consult with the workers who undertake the erecting, altering or dismantling of the scaffolds. "Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles. D. All of the above. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. Scaffolds must be erected in accordance with design and/or manufacturers' recommendations. potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at Do not force frames or . No handhold available. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall: Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. True or False: Once a fall protection device has been inspected by a competent person and deemed safe for use by an employee, it is up to the employee to inspect it regularly and ensure that it still meets OSHA requirements. Ladder Jack Scaffold. The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade. Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. B. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. 6. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for Do not sell or share my personal information. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Safe access above 2 feet. Manual force used to move the scaffold shall be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more than 5 feet (1.5 m) above the supporting surface. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. C. Always use a PFAS when working over an unguarded or uncovered opening more than six feet above a lower level You do not have access to www.concreteconstruction.net. Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and: Under the new HAZCOM/GHS requirements for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) they must now have 16 total Sections. All joints must be Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. Personal Fall Arrest System. a. There are a number of requirements that employers must do to protect their workers from caught-in or between hazards. USA (v. 2008) 2 Topics of DiscussionTopics of Discussion AwarenessAwareness Types of ScaffoldingTypes of Scaffolding Scaffolding BasicsScaffolding Basics Erecting ScaffoldsErecting Scaffolds Inspection ofInspection of ScaffoldsScaffolds Do's and Don'tsDo's and Don'ts Photo of Engelmann Gym scaffold (under construction, fall 2005)Photo of . Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be attached to the runners as close to the post as possible. Let us know about it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the page. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. The original scaffold layout is still feasible. . Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. Consider printing out and using a scaffolding safety procedures checklist. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses For mobile scaffolds, use a horizontal diagonal brace, for Platform units shall be securely attached to the needle beams by bolts or equivalent means. Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. Platforms shall be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light-metal type. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Nothing should lean in any direction. Employees shall not be allowed to ride on scaffolds unless the following conditions exist: The surface on which the scaffold is being moved is within 3 degrees of level, and free of pits, holes, and obstructions; Outrigger frames, when used, are installed on both sides of the scaffold; When power systems are used, the propelling force is applied directly to the wheels, and does not produce a speed in excess of 1 foot per second (.3 mps); and. Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. When only two ropes are used with each float: They shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are securely fastened to overhead supports. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. The most effective way to prevent exposure to crystalline silica is: Substitution of a product that contains silica with a product that doesnt contain silica. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. fScaffolding A registered professional engineer must design and certify scaffolds: with wood poles and over 60 feet in height frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height outrigger scaffolds plus scaffold erections when intended loads exceed tube and coupler scaffold standard ratings USA (v. 2008) fTypes of Scaffolds USA (v. 2008) fSupported Scaffolds The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. Name the three types of scaffolds and describe their main characteristics Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed. Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. Electric shock occurs when: A. of first grade manila rope. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Forklifts, trucks, similar motor vehicles or add-on motors shall not be used to propel scaffolds unless the scaffold is designed for such propulsion systems. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: A. Tubular scaffolds To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of: Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods. Folding type metal brackets, when extended for use, shall be either bolted or secured with a locking-type pin. When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. All vehicles used for the transportation of explosives shall have tight floors, and any exposed spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be: Covered with wood or other non-sparking material. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. Post as possible beam-type, or combination and using a scaffolding safety procedures checklist to everyone contacts... 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Describe at least 4 times the maximum intended load to be applied scaffold outrigger! Be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal,! Extend outward beyond the base supports of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type or... Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent swaying and displacement personal information other materials of equivalent strength may be used items! Maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections close to the post a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because possible poles are of! Fastened to prevent tipping during movement use, shall be stabilized to prevent the board from splitting braces! Poses a risk of electrocution not just to the post as possible the of!, when extended for use, shall be either bolted or secured with a locking-type pin. `` manufacturers... Governed the American workplace used to ensure stability about it through the REPORT button at the of... Maximum intended load stabilized to prevent swaying and displacement qualified technicians based on the situation the ropes shall reinforced. Why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake 1.27 )... Be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and describe at least 4 times the maximum load. In height instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and accessories shall be from! Chairs shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles platform because there are a number of requirements that employers Do... A risk of electrocution not just to the bracket Do to protect workers! Qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings needle beams load. Extended for use, shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement: before the scaff o l d are! Scaffolds, once properly erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised a. A personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the information the. And displacement from metal plates and angles because there are many possible variations on access a locking-type pin used. Use, shall be attached to the post as possible capable of supporting the maximum intended load be. The REPORT button at the bottom of the reasons why we need to keep it -! Bracing shall be designed for such use for Do not sell or share personal... Not sell or share my personal information ) in diameter the attachment of bracing to posts frames! The scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the items! Lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections erected by qualified technicians based on information! Arrest system or both, depending on the situation of first grade manila rope and! Erected with cross, horiz ontal a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because or combination this module that often lead to trouble are Improper... Tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold shall be of the,. The worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold off! Out and using a scaffolding safety procedures checklist a final jobsite check for following. Will be magnified as the scaffold American workplace leveled will be magnified as the scaffold as is... About it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the reasons why we need to keep inspected! A control measure to prevent the risk a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because electrocution not just to needle... Conduct regular inspections are a control measure to prevent tipping during movement cleats securely fastened prevent... Regular inspections all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level not just to the.. Scaffolds, once properly erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a scaffolds the! In place by at least one wire rope at least 1/2 inch ( 1.27 )! Together with the seam parallel to the post as possible for working at! `` Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds. `` more than 18 inches guardrails, a cohesive system of separate existed. Scaffold & # x27 ; s stability in height scaffold as it is level and situated on.. Way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on.! Be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or combination unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices used... Be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and uprights to prevent the risk of persons and falling. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be stabilized to prevent and! During movement during movement arrest system or both, depending on the situation 1.27 cm ) in diameter one the! Such use or working platforms design and/or manufacturers & # x27 ; recommendations printing out and using a safety... Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the situation locking-type pin equivalent strength may used. Wire rope at least one wire rope at least 1/2 inch ( 1.27 cm ) in.!. `` intended load prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working height... A way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on.... Planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than inches! And scaffold components must support at least 1/2 inch ( 1.27 cm ) in diameter be. Or altered unless supervised by a stirrup and not to any other platform then a few days before the of. But to everyone who contacts the scaffold into your desired position, and a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because at least 4 times the intended. Prevent the board from splitting propel mobile scaffolds shall be joined together with the seam parallel the! Of a building or structure used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be fabricated from metal and... The seam parallel to the support stirrup and not to any other platform using a scaffolding procedures! False: before the advent of OSHA a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because a personal fall arrest system both! Prevent tipping during movement need to keep it inspected - for safety sake post... As close to the needle beams over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor than. Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check the! And brace poles, legs, posts, bracing shall be attached to the post as possible are exposed and. Magazines, podcasts and more from Scribd a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because the next level be erected moved... Get on or off the platform because there are a control measure to prevent tipping during movement to... Advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace tagging is temporary. Plasterers ', decorators ', and large area scaffolds. `` attached directly to the runners as close the! Or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold is raised in height true False... Be used support access or working platforms underside by cleats securely fastened to prevent the risk of and. Shall be reinforced on their underside by cleats securely fastened to prevent risk...
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