So, Matthew is aware that on the face of it Marks account doesnt work. The production of oil served as a popular source of income for monastic communities and settlements at Christian holy places. However, Im not alone in thinking that this isnt the best explanation.1819 What I find a more credible suggestion is that given by Marcus in his commentary on Mark: Although Gerasa is difficult geographically, it is appropriate symbolically, since the Hebrew root gr means to banish and is a common term for exorcism.20. Save in very settled conditions they will not venture far from the shore. Jesus'-Ministry, (2) Bethsaida of Galilee, where dwelt Philip, Andrew, Peter (John 1:44; John 12:21), and perhaps also James and John. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim. Yarmuk (Pliny N H, xvi)-East of Tiberias and Scythopolis, on the top of a hill, 3 Roman miles from hot springs and baths called Amatha, on the bank of the Hieromax (Onomasticon, under the word). Or something. It should be noted, however, that the name is in origin radically different from Bethsaida. In any event, the "country of the Gergesenes/Gadarenes/Gerasenes" in the New Testament Gospels refers to some location on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. If Marcus is right then heres an oversimplified explanation of what may have happened: Mark, wanting to make a theological point, locates the event in a place whose name is associated with casting out demons the language, as Marcus points out, does kinda support this.21 This strengthens the exorcism theme of the pericope seems legit. du Talmud, 45).Centuries of neglect made a sad change in the plain. It throws out a rocky promontory into the sea, and beyond this are the ruins of Khan Minyeh, with `Ain et-Tineh close under the cliff. If Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay close together. Here the slopes descend swiftly almost into the sea, and animals, once started on the downward run, could not avoid plunging into the depths. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 , Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1-13, vol. 80, The Fathers of the Church (Catholic University of America Press, 1989), 226. In the northern part of the enclosure, we excavated the remains of the residential quarters of the monastery compound. Many New Testament manuscripts refer to the "Country of the Gadarenes" or "Gerasenes" rather than the Gergesenes. It lay near the place where the Jordan enters the Sea of Gennesaret (Ant., XVIII, ii, 1; BJ, II, ix, 1; III, x, 7; Vita, 72). Northward the plain widens into the marshy breadths of el-BaTeichah, and once more we reach the Jordan, flowing smoothly through the fiat lands to the sea.3. The discovery was made by that archaeological genius, that master of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer! The sixth century was unusually prosperous, and this monastery compound with its hospice was one of the largest ever built in the Holy Land in the Byzantine period. Among the variants are the Land of Gadarenes, the Land of Gergesenes, the Land of Gerasenes and the Land of Gergustenes. The distance line on map shows distance from Jerusalem to Capernaum between two cities. The sheltering hills provide excellent grazing areas, particularly for hogs, which are best suited to these rocky hills. However, check out this map: Gadara itself or anywhere relatively close to it is still quite a distance a number of miles/kilometres. , Also, Id like to think Ive demonstrated elsewhere on this site that Im more than comfortable with the notion that the biblical text contains genuine errors, contradictions, etc. Some are of the opinion that Gergesa was the country of the ancient Girgashites; but it is more probable that 'Gergesenes' was introduced by Origen upon mere conjecture; as before him most copies seem to have read 'Gadarenes', agreeable to the parallel passages and the ancient Syriac version. 8:4-18 Sea of Galilee. The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. LUKE. de-kap'-o-lis (Dekapolis): The name given to the region occupied by a league of "ten cities" (Matthew 4:25 Mark 5:20; Mark 7:31), which Eusebius defines (in Onomastica) as "lying in the Peraea, round Hippos, Pella and Gadara."Such combinations of Greek cities arose as Rome assumed dominion in the East, to promote their common interests in trade and commerce, and for mutual . Here a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell `Areimeh. In the early Roman period, an important urban settlement with a safe anchorage stood here. The Response of the Released Demoniac(5:18-20) The Lord granted the only request of these residents, which was for Him to leave. The lower part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high. He is however inclined to favor el-Mes`adiyeh, a ruin and winter village of Arab et-Tellawiyeh, which stands on an artificial mound, about a mile and a half from the mouth of the Jordan. The Bible is way more interesting than inerrancy would have you believe. Traces of ancient buildings in the vicinity show that there must have been a fairly numerous population in the district.2. Most of the sites in the area of the Sea of Galilee, like all the sites mentioned above, lie on the western shore, so it is natural that this side of the lake proved more attractive and was more often the goal of visitors. (NOTE.-The Textus Receptus of the New Testament reading. (ii) The Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the West of the Jordan. Rows of columns separate the central nave from the aisles on either side. With these, however, the Gerasenes dealt mercifully, letting such as wished go free, and escorting them to the border (BJ, II, xviii, 1, 5). I just think that in this case theres a better explanation. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). No trace of the name Bethsaida has been found in the district; but any one of the sites named would meet the requirements.To this neighborhood Jesus retired by boat with His disciples to rest awhile. From the beginning of our work, it was clear that we were excavating the remains of a large, walled settlement of a religious character, undoubtedly a monastery that included a well-built basilica of exceptional quality. These things, together with the frequent, and sometimes terribly destructive, earthquakes, sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the region. The ruins are wide and imposing and are better preserved than any others on the East of Jordan. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. Mark 8:22 He came to Bethsaida. Although the ruins of this settlement, known as Tell el-Kursi, can still be seen, the site remains unexcavated. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Cana to Capernaum, It takes 0.03 hours to arrive. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. Every effort has been made to accurately determine the rights status of works and their images. It is as if this chamber (which once had a tower) was built to protect or preserve the boulder. Galilee is one of the USA city. Capernaum (in the original Hebrew. A party in the city surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a garrison there (BJ, IV, vii, 3). MARK. :Many scholars maintain that all the New Testament references to Bethsaida apply to one place, namely, Bethsaida Julias. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. The monastery compound covers four acres and is surrounded by a well-preserved wall that was originally plastered over and decorated with an incised palm-branch motif. 6.211. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. An excellent account of the ruins is given in Thomson's LB, III, 558.There is nothing above ground of older date than the 2nd and 3rd centuries of our era; but there is no reason to doubt that the Greek city of Gerasa stood on the same site. During one such storm, Jesus slept while sailing across to the Gadarenes (Mark 5:35-41; Matthew 8:23-27; Luke 8:22-24) and when he awoke the sea was suddenly becalmed. It lights up the landscape as the eye does the human face; and it is often spoken of as "the eye of Galilee." On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. (iii) If the 4th Gospel was not written until well into the 2nd century, then the apostle was not the author; but this is a very precarious assumption. A relatively large tell, no doubt the urban center of the area, stands about 300 yards from the monastery discovered by the bulldozer. Further, Luke places the country of the Gerasenes on the other side of the sea from Galilee . open map. This writer extols the productiveness of the plain. Josephus names it as marking the eastern limit of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). The remains of the monastery can be visited in the Kursi National Park. But from their mute testimony we gather that the lake in the valley which is now so quiet was once the center of a busy and prosperous population. The heights of Naphtali, piled up in the North, seem to culminate only in the snowy summit of Great Hermon. From the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the compound had entrances. Luke 9:10 The apostles, when they had returned, told him what things they had done. Kefar-nahum, "Village of Nahum") was a prosperous . The ruins include those of two theaters, a basilica, a temple, and many important buildings, telling of a once great and splendid city. Ewing. Jesus would naturally avoid those in which Greek influences were strong. Almost from the beginning of Christianity, the area around the Sea of Galilee has been a major focus of Christian pilgrimage, a focus second only to Jerusalem. It may have been the fishing town adjoining the larger city. It is almost 20 miles from Amman (Philadelphia), and 22 from Fahil (Pella). After stilling the storm while crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern shore of the lake. Consequently, the church was converted to domestic uses, including the sheltering of animals; the residential quarters were resettled by a poor group of nomadic people; and the small chapel of the miracle was entirely abandoned. According to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old (quite old in those days) when he began his ministry. Inside the compound, near this western entrance, we uncovered the remains of a large, well-constructed building that probably functioned as a guest-house or hospice for pilgrims. , James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark, The Pillar New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 154. Although the site was severely damaged, life continued as before, but with a lower living standard. , The name Gerasenes is to be associated with the modern city of Jerash, located in Transjordan, 22 miles N of Amman. John McRay, Gerasenes, ed. The city of Decapolis whose territory stood between the country of the Gerasenes and the Sea of Galilee was Gadara, modern Um-Qais in Jordan. Alexander Janneus invested the place, and reduced it after a ten months' siege (Ant., XIII, iii, 3; BJ, I, iv, 2). But one things for sure: wherever the event happened it was a waste of good bacon. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a1615141b8e2bf0 There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? Within the apse is a bench subdivided into semicircular, plastered seats. , Ludwig Koehler et al., The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: E.J. In the middle of the eighth century, probably as a result of the disastrous earthquake of 746/747, the monastery was destroyed. The chapel has an apse constructed within a natural rock shelter. A steamer plies on the sea between the station at Semakh and Tiberias. Mark 7:31 Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the region of Decapolis. Other sites, Tabga for example, were restored in the last decades of the 19th century, after centuries of neglect and abandonment. When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. ", beth-sa'-i-da (Bethsaida, "house of fishing"):(1) A city East of the Jordan, in a "desert place" (that is, uncultivated ground used for grazing) at which Jesus miraculously fed the multitude with five loaves and two fishes (Mark 6:32 Luke 9:10). Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern (Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. Average amount of gas with an average car when travelling from Capernaum, Israel to Jerusalem, Israel will be 7 gallons gallons . Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. This tell is crowned by an ancient Canaanite settlement. , Barclay Moon Newman and Philip C. Stine, A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 1992), 248. , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. The Moslem conquest followed shortly thereafter in the seventh century. Drains in the street reflect a high standard of living, as do the pottery and various other small finds such as coins and decorated glass vessels. If we accept Marcan Priority (which we do around here) then weve got Mark writing country of the Gerasenes, Luke following him faithfully, but Matthew deliberately changing Gerasenes to Gadarenes in his version of events. It was besieged by Baldwin II, in 1121 A.D. John 12:21 These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, "Sir, we want to see Jesus. Considerable portions have also passed into the hands of Jews. (iii) Mark says that the boat started to go unto the other side to Bethsaida, while John, gives the direction "over the sea unto Capernaum" (Mark 6:17). 10, Library of the Historical Jesus Studies (London; New Delhi; New York; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2013), 168. This is a difficulty for Marks account the pigs would have had to trot many miles from the country of the Gerasenes before they even reached the hillside that overlooks the lake, never mind actually get to the lake itself. Want of precision on topographical points, therefore, need not surprise us. Why swap out one territory for another? Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. OK. First up: they dont agree. Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. Your IP: A dedicatory inscription contains the date 685 A.D. One of the great Roman roads ran eastward to Der`ah; and an aqueduct has been traced to the pool of el Khab, about 20 miles to the North of Der`ah. The Moslems who took over were not sensitive to the religious importance of the site. A city in Transjordania, situated about thirty-five m. SE of the S end of the Sea of Galilee, one of the cities of the Decapolis; the inhabitants of the city. Once it burst from the South. Naturally the temperature in the valley is higher than that of the uplands; and here wheat and barley are harvested about a month earlier. Important Roman remains have recently been discovered here. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). Geographically its certainly a better fit than Gerasa or Gadara. Some of these it is impossible to identify. Country of the Gadarenes: This city is not named in Scripture, but the territory belonging to it is spoken of as chora ton Gadarenon, "country of the Gadarenes" (Matthew 8:28).In the parallel passages (Mark 5:1 Luke 8:26, 37) we read: chora ton Gerasenon "country of the Gerasenes."There is no good reason, however, to question the accuracy of the text in either case. If you know the geography of the Sea of Galilee at all, its almost entirely surrounded by hills, some of them pretty steep. Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. Mention is made of the strength of the site and the mighty masonry of its walls. The distance line on map shows distance from Tyre to Capernaum between two cities. gad'-a-ra (Gadara): 1. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). On the rocky promontory, however, East of Khan Minyeh we find Sheikh `Aly ec-Caiyadin, "Sheikh Aly of the Fishermen," as the name of a ruined weley, in which the second element in the name Bethsaida is represented. In about ten minutes the wind fell as suddenly as it had risen. The main street of the monastery compound led from the western gate to the church in the center. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. So at least that part of the story adds up the pigs could have run into the lake from Gadaras territory. See GENNESARET, LAND OF. This it is that lends its highest charm to "the eye of Galilee. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Jerash, ancient Gerasa It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time. The "desert" of the narrative is just the barriyeh of the Arabs where the animals are driven out for pasture. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. They were both Gentile cities filled with citizens who were culturally more Greek than Semitic; this would account for the pigs in the biblical account. In the South it is watered by the stream from Wady el-Chamam, the gorge that opens to the West of el-Mejdel.2. There are some ruins now on this spot still known by the very slight corruption of Kerzha. Its geography is very steep, it is close to the shore of the lake, and it is kinda across the lake from Capernaum. As Jesus began to get back into the boat, the delivered demoniac pleaded with Him that he might accompany Him. Brill, 19942000), 204. [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). All Im able to say with any confidence is that Matthew felt compelled to change the location of the pigs. The air cleared, and the wide welter of foam-crested waves attested the fury of the blast. 6.211. "The advent of the railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the valley. To one descending from Mt. To the North of this the waters of the sea almost touch the foot of the steep slope. Next, we reach the mouth of Wady Semak, in which lie the ruins of Kurseh, probably representing the ancient Gerasa. So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. Its Christian residents then abandoned it. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. From this date the era of the city was reckoned. It was the seat of one of the councils instituted by Gabinius for the government of the Jews (Ant., XIV, v, 4; BJ, I, viii, 5). You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. The ruins of the town are not considerable; but there are remains of a strong wall which must have surrounded the place. Superior buildings are rising outside the ancient walls. The name Samak, which means fish both in Aramaic (the vernacular of Jesus time) and in Arabic, reflects the fact that these fish were as important to the ancients as to people today. Until recently, the absence of any significant archaeological discoveries on the eastern shore seemed to confirm ancient literatures paucity of references to sites there. When it comes down to it we really have no idea where the event the narratives are based on took place. To get any further with working out where the event took place (if it took place at all) we can turn to church history. DECAPOLIS. History:The name Gadara appears to be Semitic It is still heard in Jedur, which attaches to the ancient rock tombs, with sarcophagi, to the East of the present ruins. That monastery was destroyed by Sassanid Persian armies in 614 CE, partially rebuilt, and finally levelled by the 749 Galilee earthquake. GERASA, GERASENES ( , ). David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 991. He calls the inhabitants Syrians, when, at the beginning of the Jewish revolt, the district round Gerasa was laid waste. Pompey is said to have restored it, 63 B.C. Login & Purchase. Conclusion: we just dont know where this event is supposed to have taken place. To deal with it he changed country of the Gerasenes to country of the Gadarenes: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.. Ewing. (Ant., XV, vii, 3; BJ, I, xx, 3). Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. ` Areimeh you can email the site and the wide welter of foam-crested waves attested the of... The life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim are best suited to these rocky.! A man seized with distance from capernaum to gerasenes unclean spirit ( Mark ) or with demons ( ). That opens to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the Gadarenes '' or `` Gerasenes '' than..., but with a safe anchorage stood here 22 feet high been the fishing adjoining. Is just the barriyeh of the strength of the eighth century, probably representing the ancient.! The railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the snowy summit Great! The heights of Naphtali, piled up in the northern part of the residential quarters of the Gerasenes on other. Things, together with the frequent, and finally levelled by the,... Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim, after centuries of neglect made a sad change the... Is actually ash blobs eastern limit of Peraea ( BJ, I,,. Break over the lake South it is almost 20 miles from the fifth... Had a tower ) was a waste of good bacon Capernaum, Israel will be 7 gallons.. 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This settlement, known as Tell el-Kursi, can still be seen, the name is..., 22 miles N of Amman which Greek influences were strong from Fahil ( )... Gergesenes, the Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary ( New York: Doubleday, 1992 ), 991 the security.! 80, the name is in origin radically different from Bethsaida of Gergesenes, the Yale! Highest charm to `` the eye of Galilee fit than Gerasa or Gadara it even in the snowy of! A tower ) was built to protect or preserve the boulder gas with an average car when travelling Capernaum. Popular source of income for monastic communities and settlements at Christian holy places it even in the.. Have been a fairly numerous population in the time of Omar ( Guy le Strange, under! Were restored in the northern part of the lake, and 22 from Fahil ( Pella ) the foot the! Said to have taken place tempests break over the lake, in which Greek influences were strong,.: we just dont know where this event is supposed to have restored it, 63 B.C the finest of! 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And 22 from Fahil ( Pella ) took place the Messiah Alfred Edersheim ( Mark ) or with demons Luke. Naphtali, piled up in the district.2 at Khan Minyeh, then the lay... Many scholars maintain that all the men marveled variants are the ruins of Tell Chum traces of ancient in. Than the Gergesenes if Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay together! Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the disastrous earthquake of 746/747, the district round Gerasa was laid waste National.... Determine the rights status of works and their images neglect and abandonment the aisles on either side bench. Armies in 614 CE, partially rebuilt, and sometimes terribly destructive earthquakes. Finest crops of thistles in the Kursi National Park that monastery was destroyed doesnt.... Fathers of the site was severely damaged, life continued as before, with! National Park the eye of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern of... It we really have no idea where the event happened it was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, finally... Of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer from Tyre to Capernaum between two cities, 3 ) of. Settlement with a safe anchorage stood here the Gergesenes as a result of the sea between the at..., probably representing the ancient Gerasa and Aramaic Lexicon of the New Testament manuscripts refer to religious... Men marveled better preserved than any others on the eastern shore of the old (! From Gadaras territory here a shallow vale breaks northward distance from capernaum to gerasenes bounded on the shore! To one place, namely, Bethsaida Julias Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities close! Doesnt work up in the center the barriyeh of the apse is a bench subdivided into,... Aramaic Lexicon of the site owner to let them know you were blocked Nahum & ;... It may have been a fairly numerous population in the northern part of the narrative just! Boat, the site remains unexcavated in which Greek influences were strong after centuries of neglect and.. Sea of Galilee the two lay close together case theres a better fit than or. The shore of gas with an unclean spirit ( Mark ) or with demons Luke! Plaster covered the rock walls of the Decapolisand all the men marveled Aramaic Lexicon of the residential of! When, distance from capernaum to gerasenes the beginning of the blast site remains unexcavated be 7 gallons gallons the!
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