I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavouring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the publick good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. Satire in Swift's "A Modest Proposal" Quiz. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Swift insists that he is not unwilling to hear alternative proposals, if they are "equally innocent, cheap, easy, and effectual." And secondly, There being a round million of creatures in humane figure throughout this kingdom, whose whole subsistence put into a common stock, would leave them in debt two million of pounds sterling, adding those who are beggars by profession, to the bulk of farmers, cottagers and labourers, with their wives and children, who are beggars in effect; I desire those politicians who dislike my overture, and may perhaps be so bold to attempt an answer, that they will first ask the parents of these mortals, whether they would not at this day think it a great happiness to have been sold for food at a year old, in the manner I prescribe, and thereby have avoided such a perpetual scene of misfortunes, as they have since gone through, by the oppression of landlords, the impossibility of paying rent without money or trade, the want of common sustenance, with neither house nor cloaths to cover them from the inclemencies of the weather, and the most inevitable prospect of intailing the like, or greater miseries, upon their breed for ever. First . You'll be billed after your free trial ends. . Dont have an account? He pulls his statistics out of thin air, and yet he seems to trust in them utterly. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. In emphasizing that this remedy is designed only for Ireland, Swift is calling attention to the extremity of his country's backwardness, as an index of how bad things have gotten. There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children, alas! Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Fourthly, The constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of the charge of maintaining them after the first year. They should also be sure to consider the two urgent issues that his own proposal addresses so thoroughly. In these opening paragraphs, the Proposer comes off as fairly innocuoushe is an earnest, concerned citizen, and the problems he describes are indeed serious. The proposal, he emphasizes, is calculated specifically with respect to Ireland and its circumstances, and is not meant to be applicable to other kingdoms. First, it must indicate how 100,000 "useless Mouths and Backs" are to be fed and clothed. Wed love to have you back! For first, as I have already observed, it would greatly lessen the number of Papists, with whom we are yearly over-run, being the principal breeders of the nation, as well as our most dangerous enemies, and who stay at home on purpose with a design to deliver the kingdom to the Pretender, hoping to take their advantage by the absence of so many good Protestants, who have chosen rather to leave their country, than stay at home and pay tithes against their conscience to an episcopal curate. "the contradiction between what is said and what is really meant". Further, Ireland will be able to export all the beef and pork that the flesh of infants will inevitably replace. The essay is a masterpiece of satire, with a blend of rational deliberation and unthinkable conclusion, and its title has come to symbolize any proposition to solve a problem with an effective but outrageous cure. by Dr. Jonathan Swift 1729 It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town1, or travel in (including. Secondly, The poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own, which by law may be made liable to a distress, and help to pay their landlord's rent, their corn and cattle being already seized, and money a thing unknown. -Graham S. In a troubling and hilarious reversal of expectations, the Proposer rejects his friends amendment not because it strikes him as unethical, but because he doesnt believe a teenager would taste very good. Therefore let no man talk to me of other expedients: Of taxing our absentees at five shillings a pound: Of using neither cloaths, nor houshold furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: Of utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: Of curing the expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: Of introducing a vein of parsimony, prudence and temperance: Of learning to love our country, wherein we differ even from Laplanders, and the inhabitants of Topinamboo: Of quitting our animosities and factions, nor acting any longer like the Jews, who were murdering one another at the very moment their city was taken: Of being a little cautious not to sell our country and consciences for nothing: Of teaching landlords to have at least one degree of mercy towards their tenants. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. I have already computed the charge of nursing a beggar's child (in which list I reckon all cottagers, labourers, and four-fifths of the farmers) to be about two shillings per annum, rags included; and I believe no gentleman would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child, which, as I have said, will make four dishes of excellent nutritive meat, when he hath only some particular friend, or his own family to dine with him. $24.99 The Proposer is revealed to be a clueless and fundamentally evil member of the ruling class. I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance. The author appeals to the general consensus that these beggared children are, "in the present deplorable State of the Kingdom, a very great additional Grievance." A very worthy person, a true lover of his country, and whose virtues I highly esteem, was lately pleased, in discoursing on this matter, to offer a refinement upon my scheme. The audience is confronted with the fact that there are real and practicable solutions to Ireland's national discomposure, in which they themselves, in their greed and self-indulgence, are culpable. As to my own part, having turned my thoughts for many years, upon this important subject, and maturely weighed the several schemes of our projectors, I have always found them grossly mistaken in their computation. Subscribe now. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. The place: a modest house at the end of a narrow street in Culver City, California. Purchasing Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The reader, however, will (hopefully) be appalled by this notion. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Contact us The author's closing statement offers a last scathing indictment of the ethic of convenience and personal gain. Subscribe now. I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavouring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the publick good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. In the current state of the nation Swift asserts it to be impossible. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. A MODEST PROPOSAL For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the public. I have no children, by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing. 3) What is the purpose of the detail in the example you noted in #2? You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Dr. Jonathan Swift Please wait while we process your payment. As to our City of Dublin, shambles may be appointed for this purpose, in the most convenient parts of it, and butchers we may be assured will not be wanting; although I rather recommend buying the children alive, and dressing them hot from the knife, as we do roasting pigs. Here the Proposer doubles down on his disregard for the lower classes, revealing that he doesnt much care if the old and sick simply die. The reader is inclined at first to identify with the "proposer," in part because Swift has given no reason, at this point, not to. "A Modest Proposal" Asked by Maria L #584932 on 12/4/2016 11:51 PM Last updated by jill d #170087 on 3/12/2021 12:19 PM Answers 1 Add Yours. Share. I desire the reader will observe, that I calculate my remedy for this one individual Kingdom of Ireland, and for no other that ever was, is, or, I think, ever can be upon Earth. In one elegant rhetorical move, Swift manages to communicate both optimism and total despair at the same time. Read itjust not at lunchtime, fair adventurer, for then thoughts turn toward food. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Jonathan Swift. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. This problem has been solved! Subscribe now. A Modest Proposal Rhetorical Analysis 1027 Words | 5 Pages. It is a ghastly . If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. These mothers instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in stroling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants who, as they grow up, either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country, to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes. As to my own part, having turned my thoughts for many years, upon this important subject, and maturely weighed the several schemes of our projectors, I have always found them grossly mistaken in their computation. And the money will circulate among our selves, the goods being entirely of our own growth and manufacture. And, once again, the Proposer fails to see the children as anything other than livestock. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! There only remain an hundred and twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born. A Modest Proposal. Many other advantages might be enumerated. For we can neither employ them in handicraft or agriculture; they neither build houses, (I mean in the country) nor cultivate land: they can very seldom pick up a livelihood by stealing till they arrive at six years old; except where they are of towardly parts, although I confess they learn the rudiments much earlier; during which time they can however be properly looked upon only as probationers: As I have been informed by a principal gentleman in the county of Cavan, who protested to me, that he never knew above one or two instances under the age of six, even in a part of the kingdom so renowned for the quickest proficiency in that art. Instant PDF downloads. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. But this, and many others, I omit, being studious of brevity. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends, and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt, will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter. By Dr. Jonathan Swift 1729 on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Remember, satire points out flaws in society with the (quite conservative) goal of getting us to a better way of being or of doing. The author fills out the background to his proposal with additional statistical data. I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust. SparkNotes PLUS "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and the like expedients, till he hath at least some glympse of hope, that there will ever be some hearty and sincere attempt to put them into practice. The number of souls in this kingdom being usually reckoned one million and a half, of these I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couple, who are able to maintain their own children, (although I apprehend there cannot be so many, under the present distresses of the kingdom) but this being granted, there will remain an hundred and seventy thousand breeders. Continue to start your free trial. Neither indeed can I deny, that if the same use were made of several plump young girls in this town, who without one single groat to their fortunes, cannot stir abroad without a chair, and appear at a play-house and assemblies in foreign fineries which they never will pay for; the kingdom would not be the worse. for a customized plan. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children. Discount, Discount Code But, as to my self, having been wearied out for many years with offering vain, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length utterly despairing of success, I fortunately fell upon this proposal, which, as it is wholly new, so it hath something solid and real, of no expence and little trouble, full in our own power, and whereby we can incur no danger in disobliging England. Neither indeed can I deny, that if the same use were made of several plump young girls in this town, who without one single groat to their fortunes, cannot stir abroad without a chair, and appear at a play-house and assemblies in foreign fineries which they never will pay for; the kingdom would not be the worse. Complete your free account to request a guide. The remark about Irish Catholics who go to Spain to fight for the Pretender offers a good example of the complexity of Swift's judgments: he is commenting on a woeful lack of national loyalty among the Irish, and at the same time critiquing a nation that drives its own citizens to mercenary activity. It is true, a child just dropt from its dam, may be supported by her milk, for a solar year, with little other nourishment: at most not above the value of two shillings, which the mother may certainly get, or the value in scraps, by her lawful occupation of begging; and it is exactly at one year old that I propose to provide for them in such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousands. which, as I have already said, under the present situation of affairs, is utterly impossible by all the methods hitherto proposed. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. creating and saving your own notes as you read. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Jonathan Swift. Lastly, of putting a spirit of honesty, industry, and skill into our shop-keepers, who, if a resolution could now be taken to buy only our native goods, would immediately unite to cheat and exact upon us in the price, the measure, and the goodness, nor could ever yet be brought to make one fair proposal of just dealing, though often and earnestly invited to it. Assignment #1: Surprise Ending in The Modest Proposal Syreeta Bruster Professor Lynn Wilson World Cultures II - HUM 112 November 12, 2012 A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a satirical story with lots of sarcasm. A MODEST PROPOSAL For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, . (one code per order). Refine any search. This is not, of course, Swift's own assumption; he presents a shockingly extreme case of cold-blooded "rationality" in order to make his readers reexamine their own priorities. for a group? It will have nothing to do with England, in fact, since the flesh of human infants is too delicate to withstand exportation. too frequent among us, sacrificing the poor innocent babes, I doubt, more to avoid the expence than the shame, which would move tears and pity in the most savage and inhuman breast. The author's statement that much of the population would have been better off dead is exaggerated, perhaps, but not ironic; it is meant as testimony to the dire national consequences of such rampant civic neglect. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Despite his own moral indignation, when the author suggests that most abortions are occasioned by financial rather than moral considerations, he assumes that people's motivations are basically materialistic. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The ideas the proposer rejects represent measures that Swift himself had spent a great deal of energy advocating, to exasperatingly little effect. He hints that there might be a country that would be eager "to eat up our whole Nation," even without preservatives. A summary of Part X (Section1) in Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal. SparkNotes PLUS This vision of monstrous gluttony and excess is sure to make the readers stomach churn. $24.99 Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flea the carcass; the skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen. Gauging the writers strategy in achieving purpose, Analysis of the impact of details upon audiences. Swift probably does think that being a poor person in Ireland is worse than dying, but he disagrees with the Proposer on how to resolve that tragic problem. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. The author is using satire in this excerpt to emphasize the. for a customized plan. on 50-99 accounts. $24.99 He admits this, reminding the reader that such a reduction was in fact one of the goals. Infant's flesh will be in season throughout the year, but more plentiful in March, and a little before and after; for we are told by a grave author, an eminent French physician, that fish being a prolifick dyet, there are more children born in Roman Catholick countries about nine months after Lent, the markets will be more glutted than usual, because the number of Popish infants, is at least three to one in this kingdom, and therefore it will have one other collateral advantage, by lessening the number of Papists among us. The mention of Psalmanazar, whose name an 18th-century reader would have certainly recognized, further exposes the Proposer as out of touch with reality. The children, also for want of work, grow up to be thieves, or else emigrate "to fight for the Pretender" (the son of James II, who lost the throne of England in the Glorious Revolution of 1688) or to seek their fortunes in the Americas. That leaves 170,000 "breeders." This language offers an early indication of the way the author's proposal reduces human beings alternately to statistical entities, to economic commodities, and to animals. It becomes clear fairly quickly that this will be an economic argument, although the proposal will have moral, religious, political, and nationalistic implications. Supposing that one thousand families in this city, would be constant customers for infants flesh, besides others who might have it at merry meetings, particularly at weddings and christenings, I compute that Dublin would take off annually about twenty thousand carcasses; and the rest of the kingdom (where probably they will be sold somewhat cheaper) the remaining eighty thousand. The Proposer has an exaggerated idea of the brutality of Irish husbands, but it may be that Swift is also poking fun at the Irish himself. This is an ironic request for the Proposer to make, because all the evidence suggests that he himself has never spoken to any poor Irish people, much less consulted them about his plan. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Basically, "Swift suggests that impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by . However, its still somewhat hard to see the distinction here between the Proposer and Jonathan Swift. The essay was written in a satirical way that has been able to engage readers to read more on the topic and the essay themselves (Smith, 2011). The question therefore is, How this number shall be reared, and provided for? I can think of no one objection, that will possibly be raised against this proposal, unless it should be urged, that the number of people will be thereby much lessened in the kingdom. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. It strikes the Proposer as perfectly normal that a landlord would demand further compensation from his tenants, even after seizing all of their possessions. There are a few key moments of satirical success that should be mentioned. . There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children, alas! You'll also receive an email with the link. The Proposer casually lets fly his hatred of Catholics, and employs some incredibly backwards logic to do so. Get an answer for 'In "A Modest Proposal," what contrasts and discrepancies are at the heart of Swift's ironic statement in paragraphs 9 and 10? (one code per order). In fact, it's a little hard to tell whether there is any significant difference between the Proposer and the real writer, Jonathan Swift. Do you think these stark contrasts and contradictions make the satire more powerful? Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! a. utter absurdity of his plan. You'll also receive an email with the link. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% And as to the young labourers, they are now in almost as hopeful a condition. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table. He supposes that anyone who could devise a way to make these street children into productive members of society would be doing the nation a great service. It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. Here Swift seems to comment on the predatory behavior of the (mostly English) landlords in Ireland. Men would become as fond of their wives, during the time of their pregnancy, as they are now of their mares in foal, their cows in calf, or sow when they are ready to farrow; nor offer to beat or kick them (as is too frequent a practice) for fear of a miscarriage. In this way, Swifts sincere entreaties to the public can be heard through the voice of the Proposer. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. 2) There are several details in the essay that speak to the viability of further exploiting humansthis time, as a food source. Sometimes it can end up there. Read the excerpt from "A Modest Proposal." Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flea the carcass; the skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen. Jonathan Swift and A Modest Proposal Background. It would encrease the care and tenderness of mothers towards their children, when they were sure of a settlement for life to the poor babes, provided in some sort by the publick, to their annual profit instead of expence. At most he is worried that. The question therefore is, How this number shall be reared, and provided for? By Dr. Jonathan Swift 1729 For instance, the addition of some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barrel'd beef: the propagation of swine's flesh, and improvement in the art of making good bacon, so much wanted among us by the great destruction of pigs, too frequent at our tables; which are no way comparable in taste or magnificence to a well grown, fat yearly child, which roasted whole will make a considerable figure at a Lord Mayor's feast, or any other publick entertainment. 50 % with a sparknotes PLUS Annual Plan access notes and highlights the 7! That you are over the age of 13 twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born to Proposal! 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