DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. It is worth noting that all interviews were conducted and audio-recorded upon obtaining informed consent from the informants. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. The primary beverage is black tea. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Most of the participants were Shia Muslims. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. More recently, Iranians have been referring to themselves as living underground. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. This cultural content is crucial in constructing individuals identities and ethical/moral worldview, which in its turn serves as an orienting system when navigating social relationships. The two additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another article. It is the same with the saints and Imams. Then I wanted to read, but I didnt know how. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. This happened in the midst of human civilization through invasions. The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. FAMILY VALUES Many Iranian immigrants in New Zealand are more westernized and secularized Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. Figure 1. The interests of the family can supersede the needs of a single individual. As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. One contributing factor may be that women in Iran are often confined to the home, leading to isolation and poor domestic conditions. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. Talking in terms of beating a disease . Here we present the results on Religious Coping Methods. According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. When religion is a major and integral part of the orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important. We observed the use of a coping method by some informants that can be categorised as Benevolent Religious Reappraisal. Individuals' families also play a role in the way health is perceived. Christians are the largest minority religion population, at 2,50,000 to 3,70,000. The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. Cultural factors that can influence family planning discussions and decisions include gender role inequality, deference to family or physician authority, religious influences, belief that. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. Therefore, it is very important to distinguish the political culture and values of the government from the culture and values of the Iranian people. For example, at one point, all music and dancing were banned and Iranians had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground. Family beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . The Imam is the guarantor of this process. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). Cultural behaviors have important implications for human health. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. (p. 138). Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . When our interviewees talked about ziyarat, they often referred to visiting his holy shrine. This is called Shafaah. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. With this technique I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the future. Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Although recognition of mental-health problems in Iran has arguably increased over the past few years, considerable stigma still exists. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. When an elder family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of their children. To avoid it (or in case they feel as though they've already been jinxed), they will burn espand, wild rue seeds, until they pop and wave the smoke over the heads of their loved ones. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. perceived severity. As we explained above, among this group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious. Religion may not be the only available resource in a persons orientation system, and it may be easier to access other resources. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. 5. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. I never forget Him for a second. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. Individuals then keep any information surrounding troubles within the family circle away from public knowledge. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. However, in 1979, the Islamic Revolution overthrew the secular monarchy and the Islamic Republic was subsequently established. Three experts performed the peer examination. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. These values define what is meaningful to your familythe beliefs and ideas that bind your family together. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. First, following the process recommended by the World Health Organization (Citation2017), the original interview questions were translated into Persian by a psychology researcher whose mother tongue is Persian. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. This work was supported by Hgskolan i Gvle: [Grant Number 7350]. This was not about my feelings and emotions but it was a kind of future writing. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. 1.1 Taking responsibility People receive safe and effective care when pharmacy professionals take responsibility for ensuring that person-centred care is not compromised by personal values or beliefs. I did Nazr without understanding why. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore determinants of early . Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. In this regard, a 60-year-old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God. I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. Cultural family values normalizing child marriage. Italian Culture and Its Impact on the World. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. God tells us if you act, I will support you. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 In this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. The way this is done will depend on the individual From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. I strongly believe in it because it is carved into my bones. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? Ultimately, a womans independence and freedom to make choices for herself (i.e. The health beliefs of individuals have a . Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. Such tight control of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. When discussing religious coping, it is vital to consider circumstances in which religion and coping are interlaced. Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. 3099067 In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of Iranian women and 20.8 percent of Iranian men have mental-health difficulties. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. ( 2 days ago ) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength important. Link below than religious meaningful to your familythe beliefs and ideas that bind your family culture by something... Women in Iran are often confined to the real believers and not to turn back!, some people have a continued commitment to the law are regarded as Shiites to deny any fault order... Link below in a persons orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important a girls,... 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iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare